Scientists have developed a new type of robotic "skin" that could give robots the ability to "feel" various tactile sensations, such as pressure, pricking and temperature changes — even the sensation of being cut by a sharp object.
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This "skin" is made of an electrically conductive, gelatinous material that can be molded into various shapes. When combined with a special type of electrode, the material can detect signals from hundreds of thousands of connecting pathways that correspond to different sensations of touch and pressure.
The scientists said the material could be used in humanoid robots or human prosthetic limbs, where the sense of touch is critical, and could also have broader applications in the automotive industry and disaster management. Their findings were published June 11 in the journal Science Robotics.
The sense of touch has emerged as the next big milestone for robotics, as scientists seek to build machines that respond to their environment in a way similar to human sensitivity.
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Electronic skins typically work by converting physical stimuli — such as pressure or temperature — into electronic signals. In most cases, different sensors are required for each type of sensation; for example, one for pressure, another for temperature, and so on.
However, signals from these different sensors can interfere with each other, and the materials they are embedded in — traditionally soft silicones or elastic elastomer-type materials — are prone to wear and tear, according to the scientists. This new robotic skin uses a single type of “multimodal” sensor, capable of detecting various stimuli, such as touch, temperature and wear.
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Although it remains difficult to accurately and reliably separate the cause of each signal, multimodal sensor materials are easier to manufacture and more durable, according to the scientists. In addition, production costs are lower, making them suitable and cost-effective for widespread use.
Source: livescience
